It roosted and bred in a communal manner, and its extraordinary gregariousness could be linked to food hunting and predator satiation. The mast was the main source of food for the bird, although it also ate fruits and crustaceans. The passenger pigeon is a highly rapid flyer, capable of reaching speeds of up to 100 km/h (62 mph). The pigeon moved in massive groups, continuously hunting for food, shelter, and mating grounds, and used to be the largest abundant bird in North America, with a population estimated to be about 3 billion, and maybe as high as 5 billion. It was mostly found in eastern North America's deciduous forests, yet it was seen elsewhere. The juvenile resembled the mother but lacked the iridescence. Altogether, the female appeared duller and browner as compared to the male, measuring 380 to 400 mm (15.0 to 15.7 in). The male was 390 to 410 mm (15.4 to 16.1 in) long, with iridescent golden feathers on the neck and black markings on the wings, and was mostly grey on the upper parts and paler on the underparts. The size and colouring of the passenger pigeon were sexually dimorphic. Passenger Pigeon Adaptations: Passenger pigeons are a type of passenger pigeon that are adapted for speed and manoeuvrability in flight and they have a long tail, short head and neck, broad, long, and pointed wings, and specifically big breast muscles which allow them to fly great distances. Long assumed to have been the closest relative, the physically similar mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), the two were occasionally confused, however, genetic investigation has revealed that the genus Patagioenas is much more strongly related than that of the Zenaida doves. Because of the species' migratory tendencies, its common name is taken from the French term passager, which means "passing by." Its migratory qualities are also mentioned in the scientific name. The passenger pigeon, also known as the wild pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), is an extinct pigeon species native to North America.
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